What is Gene Editing?
Genome editing, or genome engineering, or gene editing, is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted, modified or replaced in the genome of a living organism.
Rather than directions going one way from DNA to RNA to proteins,latest study shows that RNA itself modulates how DNA is transcribed using Gene Editing
Genome editing is technology that give the ability to change organisms DNA or can be altered at particular locations in genome.CRISPR-CAS9 is a recent genome editing which has been developed.It is short clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats & is associated with protein 9.
CRISPR -CAS9 System consist of two components
- DNA cutting protein called CAS9.
- RNA molecule known as GUIDE RNA (sg RNA) bound together,they form a complex,that can identify & cut specific sections of DNA
IDEA BEHIND THE CRISPR-CAS9
CRISPR-CAS9 was adapted from naturally genome editing system in bacteria.The bacteria capture snippets of DNA from invading viruses & use them to create DNA segments known as CRISPR arrays.The CRISPR arrays allow the bacteria to ”remember” the viruses.If viruses attack again,bacteria produces RNA segments from CRISPR arrays to traget the viruses DNA.The bacteria then uses CAS9 enzyme to cut particular part of DNA.
How Does CRISPR -CAS9 Works?
CRISPR -CAS9 work similarly,A small piece of RNA with short ‘Guide’sequence that attaches to target sequence of DNA in genome.RNA also binds to CAS9 enzyme .As in bacteria,the modified RNA is used to recognize the DNA sequence,CAS9 enzyme cuts the DNA at targeted location .Instead CAS9 other enzymes like(cpf 1) can also be used.Once DNA is cut,uses the cells own DNA repair machinery to add or delete pieces of genetic material or to alter DNA by replacing an existing segment with customized DNA sequence.
Now let us have a clear idea by having a view on this below video.
World of Science 